b. overgeneralization. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? Describe commonly used treatments for mental illness. 18. c. superego. They include hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: a. spontaneity. According to Bandura, all behaviors are learned by observing others, and we model our actions after theirs, so undesirable behaviors can be altered or relearned in the same way. d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. c. unconditional positive regard. Lorenzo's therapist frequently reminds him that he has the power to change his situation and that he must take responsibility for his actions. For instance, evidence suggests that contracting strep throat, an infection in the throat and tonsils caused by bacteria called group A Streptococcus (for more on strep throat, please visit https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html), can lead to the development of OCD, Tourettes syndrome, and tic disorder in children (Mell, Davis, & Owens, 2005; Giedd et al., 2000; Allen et al., 1995; https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness). This perspective is part of the behavioral humanistic O psychodynamic O d. comitive Which of the following statements regarding the abnormal behavior of faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality is TRUE? 3. The axon terminals are the end of the axon where the electrical impulse becomes a chemical message and passes to an adjacent neuron. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors are also relevant to understanding the development and course of mental illness. 15. d. brain circuits. Breuer made daily visits and allowed her to share stories from her private theater, which she came to call talking cure or chimney sweeping. Many of the stories she shared were actually thoughts or events she found troubling and reliving them helped to relieve or eliminate the symptoms. b. self-actualizing. The medical model of mental illness treats mental disorders in the same way as a broken arm, i.e., there is thought to be a physical cause.. Chief among these are neurotransmitter imbalances. She interprets this to mean that the hospital is a threatening place because it's filled with dangerous diseases. c. gestalt therapy. c. emphasize health. b. sociocultural a. guidelines. Another respondent conditioning way to unlearn a fear is called flooding or exposing the person to the maximum level of stimulus and as nothing aversive occurs, the link between CS and UCS producing the CR of fear should break, leaving the person unafraid. 67. This dream is interpreted to reflect the patients emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. First, we cannot pay attention to everything going on around us. In fact, behaviorism said psychology was to be the study of observable behavior. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: a. the biological differences between men and women. With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: show unconditional positive regard for the client's statements. d. It focuses on educational goals rather than therapeutic purposes. 57. d. fixation. a. avoidance b. illogical c. safety d. exposure, 96. Second, transference is the process through which patients transfer attitudes he/she held during childhood to the therapist. Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. We take the information just detected and use it to assign people to categories, or groups. Abnormal behavior arises when we avoid making choices, do not take responsibility, and fail to actualize our full potential. The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. If a person is used to receiving reinforcement every time they perform a particular behavior, and then suddenly no reinforcer is delivered, he or she will cease the response immediately. In the case of borderline personality disorder, many people report experiencing traumatic life events such as abandonment, abuse, unstable relationships or hostility, and adversity during childhood. c. Sessions are primarily conducted in a virtual environment. Psychology Chapter 13 Flashcards - Easy Notecards Chances are you are already accepting the unknown in some areas of life and identifying these can help you to see why it is helpful in these areas, and how you can apply this in more difficult areas. 2.3.4.3. 108. The endocrine system moves slowly with hormones, released by endocrine glands, taking seconds, or even minutes, to reach their target. as part of their daily life and this can lead to disordered behavior (Lo & Cheng, 2014; Jones, Cross, & DeFour, 2007; Satcher, 2001), though some research suggests that ethnic identity can buffer against these stressors and protect mental health (Mossakowski, 2003). Subjecting a person to a situation that causes the individual anxiety as a means of eliminating future anxiety is called: When I was a child, I loved to go swimming in a lake near my house. d. existential, 125. 100. c. operant conditioning. Existential therapy is used to treat substance abuse, excessive anxiety, apathy, alienation, nihilism, avoidance, shame, addiction, despair, depression, guilt, anger, rage, resentment, embitterment, purposelessness, psychosis, and violence. Hormonal imbalances. This strategy teaches social skills, communication, assertiveness through direct instruction, role playing, and modeling. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? 2.2.1.3. 151. Each is unique in its own right and no single model can account for all aspects of abnormality. According to Freud, our personality has three parts the id, superego, and ego, and from these our behavior arises. 65. d. propositions. 163. Second, observational learning occurs when we learn by observing the world around us. Both groups were frustrated when deprived of the coveted toy. c. social networks. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? a. Nikolai runs past, grabs some of the cookies, and runs away. c. how prejudice and discrimination impact women. It is difficult to research this perspective. She felt confined and suffocated in this life and took to a fantasy world she called her private theater. Anna also developed hysteria, including symptoms such as memory loss, paralysis, disturbed eye movements, reduced speech, nausea, and mental deterioration. You might say neurotransmitters are part of a lock-and-key system. Examples include abnormal blood levels, damaged cells, and abnormal gene expression. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. a. the humanistic-existential model b. the family-social perspective c. the cognitive model d. the psychodynamic model, 11. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. Acceptance and commitment therapy borrows heavily from _____, which teaches individuals to pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that are flowing through their minds, and to accept their thoughts in a nonjudgmental way. Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. Positive means that you are giving something good or bad. d. the ways in which women express their femininity. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: a. schizophrenia. b. cultural. Clarify how specific areas of the brain are involved in mental illness. What is the effect of genes, hormones, and viruses on the development of mental disorders? They were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. Life involves a degree of uncertainty, and at times we must accept this. 20. d. special external pressures faced by members of a culture. c. the conscious mind. This is called the absolute refractory period. We see this in the case of reflexes. Choose one answer. c. The receiving neurons fire. Which technique is her therapist MOST likely to recommend? b. behavioral-focused In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. An example was the attention I received for saying I was Chicken Little. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 6. Check out the following from Harvard Health for more on depression and the brain as a cause: Other Books in the Discovering Psychology Series, Module 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Module 5: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders, Module 8: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Module 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, Module 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Module 15: Contemporary Issues in Psychopathology, Instructor Resources Instructions - READ FIRST, 2.1. a. psychoanalysis. Next, help the client stop thinking these thoughts and replace them with more rational ones. What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud? I bet the bad behavior ended too. For more information on psychotropic medications, please visit: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/index.shtml. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: a. genetic make-up. What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members. b. First, free association involves the patient describing whatever comes to mind during the session. The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. b. biological forces, culture, and learning. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. b. Freud. PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12 - Subjecto.com c. denial. In Panel B, we see that a neutral stimulus (NS) produces no response. Some commonly used strategies include cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance techniques. d. humanistic. 126. Reinforcement can either occur continuously meaning every time the desired behavior is made the subject will receive some reinforcer, or intermittently/partially meaning reinforcement does not occur with every behavior. 24. All of the models include an element of the biological model. Why is this important to a discussion of psychopathology? d. humanists. c. psychoanalysts. This therapy is BEST described as: Your romantic partner of four years ends the relationship suddenly and cuts off all contact. 158. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. 165. There are also certain types of disorders that are unique to women. The answer is continuous. The force that is in control in this example is the: Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? You are doing your best. I know my grandmother used to. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences. b. the different patterns of communication displayed by men and women. Cognition-focused theorists would say that Johannahs depression results in large part from: b. existential b. brain stimulation. The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: a. glia. Techniques might include weighing the pros and cons of fighting uncertainty or change. d. known risk and protective factors. 85. PDF Psychological Disorders Finally, assertiveness training aids the client in protecting their rights and obtaining what they want from others. This is in accord with what Freud called: a. reflex. Unconditioned means unlearned. The contents of the unconscious could move from the unconscious to preconscious, but to do so, it had to pass a Gate Keeper. d. client-centered therapy. Integrative behavioral couple therapy helps partners: a. accept behaviors that they cannot change. Individuals who are in a long-term relationship. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? When it comes to other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, research has not found differences in the ratesat whichmen and women experience these illnesses. d. projection. Describe how psychological perspectives explain mental illness. As noted earlier, the idea of people being machines, called mechanism, was a key feature of behaviorism and other schools of thought in psychology until about the 1960s or 1970s. d. are considered to be fueled by the libido. The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the clients family structure, societal norms, and the clients roles in society. a. We will cover this process in three parts. 59. 29. The events (response and consequence) are linked in time. 2.3.3.1. 56. In terms of the latter, some symbols are linked to the person specifically, while others are common to all people. What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? Examine the evidence both for and against your thought. According to family systems theory, this family is characterized by: a. enmeshed structure. Whenever she has to attend a party, she only speaks to people she knows well. The biological model is generally well respected today but suffers a few key issues. 113. bodily sensations. Which type of psychodynamic therapy encourages therapists to disclose things about themselves? 14. Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? If your parents resort to alcohol consumption to deal with stressors life presents, then you also might do the same. b. map, or sequence, genes. Schemas and cognitive errors. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists.
