Decision Sciences, 22(2), 219240. (2023). In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 21 June 2022; pp. Hambarde, P.; Murala, S.; Dhall, A. UW-GAN: Single-image depth estimation and image enhancement for underwater images. In this approach, we can also think of the Principles as the Strategy, the high level concepts needed to find a computational solution; the Ideas can then be seen as the particular Tactics, the patterns or methods that are known to work in many different settings; and, finally, the Techniques as the Tools that can be used in specific situations. Check out our articles on decomposition, pattern recognition, and algorithmic thinking. In addition, we downloaded the Aquarium Combined dataset, then trained and tested this dataset on the same hardware environment as the FE-GAN enhancement experiment. Its a drawing of a pipe. Another example of abstraction might be creating a summary of a book or movie. Seeing is understanding: The effect of visualisation in understanding programming concepts. x}YaHao=3\u_D(n@2|E?400 F/>Kf9YU`Hldz,yw;?^CO=|~w~{/5n;p;6:6`~N9qs} It might be a new pattern that occurs several times in your own program, or it might exist elsewhere in other programs. Patterns are things that are the same within a problem and between problems. This process occurs through filtering out irrelevant information and identifying whats most important. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Why Is Computational Thinking Important for Students? Here are some ideas. These general characteristics are called patterns when looking through the lens of computational thinking. Or if you see a consistent trend upward in a stock for a number of months, you might decide to buy some shares in that stock. 67236732. Relating natural language aptitude to individual differences in learning programming languages. Now from this general knowledge of patterns in cats, we could draw the general outline of a cat. Springer, Cham. We know that the pattern of process at the timed lights in the area is for the cross-traffic turn lanes to turn next, then straight cross-traffic, the turn lanes in our direction, then finally our light will turn green. Information is the result of processing data by putting it in a particular context to reveal its meaning. Abstraction principle (computer programming). 2023. Extensive experiments were carried out on real and artificially synthesized benchmark underwater image datasets, and qualitative and quantitative comparisons with state-of-the-art methods were implemented. Different loss functions based on texture and content are combined with weights to constrain the generator and discriminator. IEEE Trans. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Nashville, TN, USA, 2025 June 2021; pp. Our web-based curriculum for grades K-12 engages students as they learn keyboarding, online safety, applied productivity tools, computational thinking, coding and more. ; Wang, Z.; Paul Smolley, S. Least squares generative adversarial networks. UIQM is expressed as a linear combination of these three indexes. Here we used mAP (mean average precision) as a reference metric. HIGHLIGHTS who: Kay-Dennis Boom and colleagues from the (UNIVERSITY) have published the research work: Education and Information Technologies (2022) 27:8289-8310 Relationships between computational thinking and the quality of computer programs, in the Journal: (JOURNAL) what: This study examines the relationship between different forms of computational thinking and two different measures of . Draw a series of animals. Rigaux, P. (2020). articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Abstraction enables us to remove all unnecessary detail from our problem and then solve the problem using a model. For the ImageNet dataset, we randomly selected 628 pairs of real underwater images for testing. More specifically, it is a set of skills and processes that enable individuals to navigate complex Were excited to share that Learning.coms EasyTech has won in this years Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022 in the Primary Technology is undoubtedly a fixture in students lives. Copyright Learning.com 2023. Our web-based curriculum for grades K-12 engages students as they learn keyboarding, online safety, applied productivity tools, computational thinking, coding and more. Abstraction is similar to the selective filtering function in our brains that gates the neural signals with which we are constantly bombarded so we can make sense of our world and focus on whats essential to us. So to summarise what we have learned in this lesson: Pattern Recognition, Generalisation & Abstraction, https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/design_pattern_overview.htm, Representing parts of a problem or system in general terms, It will be broken up into a number of lessons of a set length, You will have a lesson with a teacher and the teacher will take a register. Consider the student search system, it can be represented using the following terms: Think back to your student planner program from Lesson 1. In image-related tasks, the generator of GAN receives a random noise, The generator adopts the information multi-distillation module method to fuse the information of the encoder and its mirror decoder, improve the feature representation via the attention mechanism, and aggregate the hierarchical features. We conducted feature fusion experiments between the encoder and decoder utilizing concatenate and aggregation, respectively. Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. The task of baking chocolate chip cookies highlights some common elements that you need to know to be . (1991). Scientific Reports, 10(1), 110. Islam, M.J.; Xia, Y.; Sattar, J. In driving, we use pattern recognition to predict and respond to different traffic patterns processes. If its a formal method, great; if its something less formal, yet still structured and repeatable and leads to correct computational solutions, thats also fine. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Munich, Germany, 59 October 2015; pp. [, Peng, Y.T. Element interactivity and intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. This pattern can then be applied to any systems that tracks and monitors student data, including attendance, punctuality and recording homework marks. That is, she wants to block a single river so that beavers will not be able to travel between all pairs of ponds in the neighbourhood. For example, if youre faced with writing a large, complex paper, you might choose to tackle it by decomposing the paper into smaller sub-sections and tackling each of those separately. [. These heuristics for computational thinking are very similar to the heuristics usually given for the 5-step scientific method taught in grade school, which is often written out as something like: These are nice guidelines but theyre not mandatory. As technology advances and adapts faster and Computational thinking is problem-solving. Lets consider our Student IMS. Simultaneously, our model conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis experiments on real underwater images and artificial synthetic image datasets respectively, which effectively demonstrates the generalization ability of the model. Considering that image enhancement can be applied to the actual scene of underwater robots in the future, real-time performance is an indispensable part of model testing. The results in the second, fifth, and last columns show that the fuzzy target can be detected in the processed image. ; resources, J.Z. He, K.; Zhang, X.; Ren, S.; Sun, J. Students develop laws and theorems by looking at similar formulas and equations. In pursuing digital learning communities, she has worked with several hundred educators to tell their stories and share their insights via online publications. These patterns can help solve the larger problem more effectively. Du, Z.; Liu, D.; Liu, J.; Tang, J.; Wu, G.; Fu, L. Fast and Memory-Efficient Network Towards Efficient Image Super-Resolution. Let's examine some patterns in these recipes - in general terms. These are expressed as follows: UIQM is a non-referenced underwater image quality evaluation metric based on the human visual system excitation, mainly for the degradation mechanism and imaging characteristics of underwater images. hko Like the other elements of computational thinking, abstraction occurs inherently and can be addressed throughout the curriculum with students. Its very clever.. Working memory differs from long-term memory in . Learn more about abstraction in computational thinking by downloading our free guide for educators: The Ultimate Guide to Computational Thinking for Educators. The materials for this session is slightly different than the the other three sessions and this is intentional. A theoretical exploration of cognitive load to guide the teaching of computer programming by tailoring the use of different programming language types (visual vs textual) to the developmental needs of students relative to the complexity of the cognitive concepts being taught so that the cogitative processing capacity of students is not exceeded. The green and blue light with a shorter wavelength will travel farther [, Many scholars have carried out in-depth research on the scattering phenomenon of light propagating in the medium. Using a public data set we will examine patterns in data and visualize or describe the patterns. Theyre suggestions of ideas youll likely need or require for most efforts but its not some process to pigeonhole your thinking or approach to a solution. List of Materials (all materials will be provided during the session). To further improve the quality of the generated image, we introduce the pixel-level and image-level loss functions into the objective function formulation. (1992). Abstraction in coding and computer science is used to simplify strings of code into different functions. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 18(5), 368. Patterns exist between different problems and within a single problem. This data will be saved in a database. To quantitatively analyze the enhancement effect of the FE-GAN model on the paired underwater image, we choose PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) and SSIM (structural similarity) as reference indicators. Pattern recognition is based on the 5 key steps of: Identifying common elements in problems or systems, Identifying and Interpreting common differences in problems or systems, Identifying individual elements within problems, Describing patterns that have been identified. The pattern types have a similar solution and once you create an algorithm for each you may see some similarities, however recognizing the pattern type of the question helps to create the solution. Jason Zagami . Computational thinking is a problem-solving skill that develops an algorithm, or series of steps to perform a task or solve a problem. Cognitive load theory (Sweller, 1988) suggests that we each have a limited capacity to hold different concepts in 'working memory' when problem-solving, with the implication that when programming problems involve too many different elements, this capacity can be exceeded.Students will then have increasing difficulty in solving such problems. 694711. 32773285. Aggarwal, A.; Mittal, M.; Battineni, G. Generative adversarial network: An overview of theory and applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21970-2_26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21970-2_26. A Medium publication sharing concepts, ideas and codes. Based on HAE and DRB, we construct a fast and efficient underwater image enhancement network. Social Studies: Students coalesce the most important details shared in articles about a specific current event and write a brief about the event. ; Narasimhan, S.G. UIQM expresses as follows: In the ImageNet dataset, we randomly selected 5500 pairs of images for training and the remaining 628 pairs for testing. Mathematics: Students conduct a survey of peers and analyze the data to note the key findings, create visualizations, present the findings. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Han, Jie, Jian Zhou, Lin Wang, Yu Wang, and Zhongjun Ding. Both of these test sets are from the UIEBD dataset, which is more challenging. Like the other elements of computational thinking, abstraction occurs inherently and can be addressed throughout curriculum with students. ; Li, K.; Luan, X.; Song, D. Underwater image co-enhancement with correlation feature matching and joint learning. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2126 July 2017; pp. Computational thinking is the process of defining a step-by-step solution to a complex problem or to achieve a specific goal. Example 3: Everyone of us has done laundry, with all your clothes including socks. stream Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our model achieved better results. We also know that an algorithm is an effective procedure, a sequence of step-by-step instructions for solving a specific kind of problem using particular data structures, which designate specific data representations. Here are some ideas. Ignatov, A.; Kobyshev, N.; Timofte, R.; Vanhoey, K.; Van Gool, L. Dslr-quality photos on mobile devices with deep convolutional networks. Cognitive fit: An empirical study of recursion and iteration. Thats all you need to know. The color, brightness, and contrast of the generated image were distinctly improved. It should be pointed out that because the training set and test set of the Mixed dataset are relatively small, the experimental gap here is not very large. No, its not, I said. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Diagram and history of programming languages. The application scenarios of most existing models are still very restricted, and it is rare to achieve good results in both real and synthetic underwater image datasets. Qi, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Tian, F.; Wu, Q.J. ?^MS1 1Xo=08?=P424!G0&Af I 5kLb5b&qBp# fK//B6llt nK_2e" ! What is the best way to present the information. Video Technol. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography (ICCP), Stanford, CA, USA, 1214 May 2017; pp. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive Anna is passionate about helping educators leverage technology to connect with and learn from each other. With the research and application of AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicles) and ROVs (remote operated vehicles), ocean exploration has achieved many breakthrough results. Inspired by this trend, some scholars proposed to use the computing power of convolutional neural networks to calculate the parameters that need to be estimated in the physical imaging model [, The emergence of the GAN (generative adversarial network) opened up another path for image enhancement issues. Computational thinking (CT) is a set of thinking patterns that includes understanding problems with appropriate representation, reasoning at multiple levels of abstraction, and developing automated solutions [1]. The study aimed to evaluate the results of a computational thinking (CompThink) and learning management model using a flipped classroom (FC), combined with critical thinking problem-solving (CTPS . Deep residual learning for image recognition. For All representations of a thing are inherently abstract. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Long Beach, CA, USA, 1520 June 2019; pp. Generalization can help us to organize ideas or components, as we do when we classify some animals as vertebrates and others as invertebrates. Behind the scenes, a process will occur to add up the number of times the student was present for a lesson. Pattern recognition in problem solving is key to determining appropriate solutions to problems and knowing how to solve certain types of problems. Experiments on different datasets show that the enhanced image can achieve higher PSNR and SSIM values, and the mAP value also achieved significant results in the object detection task. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. Through structural re-parameterization, we equate complex modules to simple convolutional layers, which accelerates the model during inference while maintaining a good enhancement effect. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. 12221230. Using a Google public data site we ask participants to interpret visualization from the data. Abstraction is an essential part of computational thinking. Understanding abstraction enables students to make sense of problems they encounter, helping them to not be overwhelmed in the face of something complex and to persist, compute, iterate, and ideate. Abstraction is the idea, as alluded to earlier, of ignoring what you deem to be unessential details. Patterns are pieces or sequences of data that have one or multiple similarities. This research was funded by Key R&D plan of Shandong Province (2020JMRH0101), National Deep Sea Center. The process of computational thinking typically includes four parts: decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction and algorithmic thinking. What is the most effective and efficient way to connect the houses in the community? Similar to the EUVP dataset, using the trained CycleGAN [, Due to the lack of real underwater images, Silberman et al. Underwater image enhancement with a deep residual framework. Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and Instruction, 8(4), 293332. [, For the existing synthetic and real underwater image datasets, many GAN-based methods have been proven to have achieved good results in underwater image enhancement. 22232232. What are the patterns we can recognize? And educators also use it when helping a student complete an assignment. New diseases can also be categorized and have cures, treatments, or preventions identified based on pattern recognition from other corresponding medical complications. [, Galteri, L.; Seidenari, L.; Bertini, M.; Del Bimbo, A. EasyTech Wins Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022, How One School District is Driving Digital Wellness in Students (& How to Join), What is Digital Literacy: Definition and Uses in Daily Life, Texas Technology Standards: Big Changes Need Big Solutions, Definition of Computer Science, Computational Thinking and Coding, Get Creative with Professional Development for Technology Integration. Let's examine the patterns in common subjects such as English and Chemistry. The early underwater imaging model was presented by Ref. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. and J.Z. The first step of the computational solution, Problem Specification, relies upon some essential computational thinking principles. It can also expand the difference between the features of different objects in the image, improve the image quality, enrich the amount of information, and strengthen the recognition effect. Lu, H.; Li, Y.; Zhang, L.; Serikawa, S. Contrast enhancement for images in turbid water. Recognizing a pattern, or similar characteristics helps break down the problem and also build a construct as a path for the solution. School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China, Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, Wuhan 430070, China, National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2730 June 2016; pp. Cognitive fit: A theory based analysis of the graphs versus tables literature. This is based on pattern recognition, similar to fingerprints. In which of the following neighbourhoods is Patricia unable to build her dam? [. Ronneberger, O.; Fischer, P.; Brox, T. U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. Pattern recognition in computational thinking uses the identification of similarities within a particular data set or sequence to simplify understanding and resolution of a problem or goal. Formulas were created after patterns were identified and applied to create a common solution. How to Help Students Improve Pattern Recognition Skills, 3 Important Additions to Digital Literacy for Students in 2023. After defining the problem precisely, it involves these three steps: Computational problem solving thus involves finding an appropriate representation of, or context for, the data, and using that representation in an algorithmic, step-by-step procedure that solves the problem once the problem is clearly defined. Li, C.; Anwar, S.; Porikli, F. Underwater scene prior inspired deep underwater image and video enhancement. (eds) Teaching Coding in K-12 Schools. Although there is an algorithm where one method may be faster than another, pattern matching is a key to com posing the solution. 214223. Uoi|^;KAzMe}_-wmF~8|7osQw{SW"hog+`9T*#AcIiHm#H!7Ix./2N)##%i}>.J4gnFQte < Goodfellow, I.; Pouget-Abadie, J.; Mirza, M.; Xu, B.; Warde-Farley, D.; Ozair, S.; Courville, A.; Bengio, Y. Generative adversarial nets. Generalization like this allows us to identify characteristics that are common across seemingly disparate models, thus allowing us to adapt a solution from one domain to a supposedly unrelated domain. To do this you would need to use a searching algorithm, like a Binary Search or a Linear Search. What is Pattern Recognition in Computational Thinking? "A$n1D2ldfH e/X,r,fAd5Xl>}A`0Y"XMX"Sn)2L@_\8Lw_ O For them to use technology responsibly, safely and effectively, they need to understand the Digital literacy encompasses the skills required to use technology safely, effectively and responsibly. Computational thinking is the process of defining a step-by-step solution to a complex problem or to achieve a specific goal. SSIM is a metric used to measure the similarity of images, and it can also be used to judge the quality of images after compression. and pattern recognition break down the complex, while abstraction figures out how to work with the different parts efficiently and accurately. The new primary curriculum (up to Year 3) and the secondary . Vessey, I. Identify the information required to solve a problem. Computational problems, in general, require a certain mode of approach or way of thinking. We will share this in the workshop and discuss under the pattern recognition lens. This step is also sometimes called, Solution Implementation & Evaluation: Finally, we create the actual solution and systematically evaluate it to determine its. 28492857. "FE-GAN: Fast and Efficient Underwater Image Enhancement Model Based on Conditional GAN" Electronics 12, no. Outside of this, she has also led professional development for teachers in both English and Arabic and served as the primary editor for several university professors writing both book chapters and journal articles. Li, Y.; Lu, H.; Zhang, L.; Li, J.; Serikawa, S. Real-time visualization system for deep-sea surveying. In: Keane, T., Fluck, A.E. Tsarava, K., Moeller, K., Romn-Gonzlez, M., Golle, J., Leifheit, L., Butz, M. V., & Ninaus, M. (2022). Li, J.; Liang, X.; Wei, Y.; Xu, T.; Feng, J.; Yan, S. Perceptual generative adversarial networks for small object detection. In computational thinking, one of the integral steps to the problem-solving process is pattern recognition. I can break down problems and processes into distinct steps. [, Ding, X.; Zhang, X.; Ma, N.; Han, J.; Ding, G.; Sun, J. Repvgg: Making vgg-style convnets great again. A similar puzzle to the knights tour, the tour guide must visit each of the major attractions in a city and find the most feasible way to travel between the locations to complete the task. Under the same experimental conditions, the test results using the aggregation operation method perform better in both PSNR and SSIM values. Here, we also chose PSNR and SSIM as the evaluation indicators that regard aggregation and concatenate as the connection mode between the encoder and the decoder. Decomposition is simply the idea that youll likely break a complex problem down into more manageable pieces. Consider early arithmetic patterns for addition and multiplication using time tables. 49524956. Prat, C., Madhyastha, T., Mottarella, M., & Kuo, C. (2020). Recognising patterns things that are common between problems or programs is one of the key aspects of computational thinking. A hierarchical attention encoder (HAE) can extract deeper features and texture information, while preserving the overall structure of the image. Cognitive characteristics of learning Java, an object-oriented programming language. Examples of Pattern Recognition in Everyday Life. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, English Language Arts Students summarize a novel into a book review. Patricia is grumpy and wants to build one dam in each neighbourhood that will cause trouble. ; data curation, L.W. If you were to look at how your day is organised in your School or College, you will see that it follows a pattern: This pattern holds true for each day of the week for most students in most schools and colleges. While the phrase . Students coalesce the most important details shared in articles about a specific current event and write a brief about the event. This helps to simplify or break down the problem to make it easier to resolve. This data will also be output as a Percentage Attendance score for each student. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21970-2_26, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, http://rigaux.org/language-study/diagram.html, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. This can be seen further here. Nayar, S.K. Making predictions based on identified patterns. In this process, pattern recognition is Digital literacy refers to the knowledge and ability to use technology effectively and responsibly. Underwater optical imaging: The past, the present, and the prospects. Download the Ultimate Guide to Computational Thinking for Educators. Languages: Students create a personal guide that dictates when to use the formal and informal you in Spanish class or the two to know verbs in French, which, mind you, always confounded me. We will look at searching algorithms later on in the course. We can use this idea of abstraction to do things like make models, such as the map to represent the campus mentioned before. For those who have not tried . Abstraction in computational thinking enables us to navigate complexity and find relevance and clarity at scale. British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), London, UK, 47 September 2017; Volume 1. >/)gU)FOW_s U}Bgw5]\0QOo, \rz0gx1Ato{C -T/~3IjdzjXM'l2%50TpY?.G/-SYrUT5Af7. The details of the hierarchical attention encoder (HAE) are shown in, For the discriminator, we use a Markov discriminator [, The conditional generative adversarial network introduces additional auxiliary information and can learn the mapping. Through the inversion of this process, the distorted images (fogging, blurring, color unevenness, etc.) Comparably, formulas can be used in mathematics by using pattern recognition to identify situations in which a particular formula may or may not be useful.
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